Assessing the impact of climate-resilient maize varieties and their interaction with the stem borer chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae) in semi-field conditions

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays) is a critical staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions of people rely on for nutrition and livelihoods. However, the devastating impact of lepidopteran stemborer pests on maize production is a significant challenge. These pests cause yield losses ranging from 30 to 100%, with severe consequences for smallholder farmers. Additionally, climate change exacerbates the situation by altering pest behaviour and distribution. To address this complex issue, we investigated the influence of two climate-resilient maize varieties, CKH122114 and DH02, on maize-stemborer interactions under semi-field conditions. Our study integrated multiple parameters, including plant physiology, insect behaviour, and ecological relationships. We conducted controlled experiments in a screenhouse, infesting plants with Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a significant stemborer pest. The results demonstrated distinct responses between the two maize varieties to pest infestation. Variety DH02 exhibited longer stem tunnels, higher larval weight, and greater larval survival, translating into reduced stem biomass and grain yield. In contrast, variety CKH122114 displayed more resilience to pest damage. The study underscores the critical role of crop variety in shaping plant-pest interactions and emphasizes the significance of climate-resilient crop varieties in adapting to climate change and pest pressures. In conclusion, our investigation highlights the complex interplay between crop genetics, pest behaviour, and environmental factors in shaping the outcomes of pest infestations. By creating and advocating for crop varieties, that can withstand climate challenges, help farmers address pest issues and adapt to climate change. This approach offers a sustainable and forward-looking strategy to ensure the long-term viability of global food production and agriculture.